ABSTRACT
Introducción: Coccyzus ferrugineus es el ave endémica menos estudiada de la Isla del Coco se desconocen muchos aspectos sobre su historia natural y comportamiento, siendo de las especies menos conocidas en Costa Rica. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento reproductivo, de forrajeo, y el uso de hábitat de C. ferrugineus para generar información para la toma de decisiones de conservación de la especie. Métodos: Se hicieron observaciones directas de comportamiento (forrajeo, cortejo, vocalización, alimentación y cópula) durante dos periodos de observación (mañana y tarde), en parcelas entre los 0-400 m de altitud, clasificando el estrato de vegetación (bajo-medio-alto) para estudiar el uso de hábitat. Se presenta una descripción del comportamiento de forrajeo y del ciclo reproductivo. Resultados: Se demuestra que C. ferrugineus utiliza todo el gradiente altitudinal de la Isla del Coco, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 400 m de altitud en el bosque nuboso, para reproducirse y su época reproductiva está marcada por el inicio de la época seca. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las categorías de comportamiento establecidas y la hora del día (Fisher, P > 0.05). Sin embargo sí se mostró diferencias significativas para las categorías de comportamiento y el estrato vertical (Fisher, P < 0.05) demostrando que utiliza todo el estrato vertical de la estructura vegetal. Conclusiones: Este estudio representa la base para el conocimiento de la biología reproductiva e historia natural de C. ferrugineus, es urgente realizar más estudios sobre esta especie para poder protegerla y conservar el ecosistema terrestre de la Isla del Coco.
Introducción: Coccyzus ferrugineus is the least studied endemic bird of Isla del Coco, many aspects of its natural history and behavior remain unknown, being one the least known species in Costa Rica. Objective: To describe the reproductive behavior, foraging and habitat use of C. ferrugineus to generate information for making conservation decisions for the species. Methods: Direct behavioral observations (foraging, courtship, vocalization, feeding and intercourse) were made in plots between 0-400 m above sea level, during two observation periods (morning and afternoon). A description of the foraging behavior and the reproductive cycle is presented. Results: C. ferrugineus uses the entire altitudinal gradient of the island to reproduce, from sea level to 400 m altitude in the cloud forest. Its reproductive season is marked by the beginning of the dry season. No significant differences were found between the established behavior categories and the time of day (Fisher, P> 0.05). However, significant differences were shown for the behavioral categories and the vertical stratum (Fisher, P <0.05) demonstrating that it uses the entire vertical stratum of the vegetation structure. Conclusions: This study represents the basis for the knowledge of the reproductive biology and natural history of C. ferrugineus, it is urgent to carry out more studies on this species to be able to protect it and conserve the terrestrial ecosystem of Isla del Coco.
ABSTRACT
Centruroides schmidti Sissom, 1995 is the new identification designate of the scorpions previously known as C. thorelli (Kraepelin, 1891) in Northwest Costa Rica. The geographical distribution of the species in this country is established on the basis of new collected material. Its distribution includes the Pacific slope of the Guanacaste volcanic range, and the Pacific and Atlantic slopes of the Tilarßn volcanic range between 50 and 775 m elevation above sea level, within the Costa Rican Guanacaste and Alajuela provinces.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Scorpions/classification , Costa Rica , PopulationABSTRACT
The female of the Costarican scorpion Tityus dedoslargos Francke and Stockwell, 1987 is described for the first time and new data on its morphological variation and natural history are given. The female differs from the male mainly in having an enlarged basal median lamellae on the pectines, and lacking modified pedipalps. The species type locality relocated. This species is recorded from only two Costarican provinces: San Jose and Puntarenas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Scorpions/anatomy & histology , Biometry , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Four species of buthid scorpions (Ananteris platnicki Lourenço, 1993; Centruroides limbatus [Pocock, 1898]; Tityus pachyurus [Pocock, 1897]; and T. ocelote Francke and Stockwell, 1987) are recorded for the first time from some islands and cays of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. Morphological variation and ecological data are given for all the species. This is the first Panamanian record for both C. limbatus and T. ocelote. The scorpion fauna of the Bocas de Toro Archipelago is related with the recent fauna of the Atlantic continental lowland region of Costa Rica and Panama and includes Amazonian-Guyanese (genera Ananteris and Tityus) as well as Mexican-North Central American (genus Centruroides) elements.